init -> getty -> loginid:3:initdefault: this sets system init runelve to 3
id:runlevel:action:process
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 5
1:12345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1
x:5:respawn:/usr/bin/X11/xdm -nodaemon
Runlevels:
5 4 * * 6 /usr/lib/newsyslog
minute (0-59)
hour (0-23)
day of the month (1-31)
month of the year (1-12)
day of the week (0-6 with 0=Sunday)
ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM SIZE RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 764 108 ? S Nov 6 0:08 init [3] root 132 0.0 1.0 1844 1256 ? S 6:37:14 0:00 /usr/sbin/inetd -s bin 181 0.0 0.0 760 76 ? S Nov 6 0:00 portmap klai 332 0.0 0.2 1468 304 1 S Nov 6 0:00 -tcsh klai 455 0.0 0.0 1828 112 1 S Nov 6 0:00 xinit /home/klai/.xinit # To send a SIGHUP to a process such as inetd: kill -1 132
/dev/sdb2 / ext2 defaults 1 1 /dev/sdb5 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /dos msdos defaults 0 0 moon:/pub /sun nfs exec,dev,suid,rw 0 0
/etc/syslog.conf
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none /var/log/messages
authpriv.* /var/log/secure
mail.* /var/log/maillog
local2.* /var/log/ppp
- passwd
root:x:0:1:0000-Admin(0000):/:/sbin/sh
kloa:x:100:10::/home/klai:/bin/tcsh
nobody:x:101:1001:SunOS 4.x Nobody:/:
- group
nobody::1001:nobody,somebody
- shadow
klai:nDc48wi2LI/YI:10913:0:90::::
Netcfg: is a shell script, which invokes /usr/lib/rhs/netcfg/netcfg.py with GUI interface for hostname, hosts file network interface card and routing configuration. Networking configuration files include: (/etc/hosts, /etc/sysconfig/{network,static-routes},/etc/network-scripts/*)
# ifconfig eth0 10.10.10.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 up #Host connected to the ISP
# ifconfig eth0 10.10.10.2 netmask 255.0.0.0 up #Host not connected to ISP
# route add default gw 10.10.10.1 eth0 #Use the host connected to
ISP as the gateway
# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.30.128 netmask 255.255.255.0
# route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 eth0
----------------------------------------------------------
| Network | Netmask | Network Addresses |
| Class | | |
----------------------------------------------------------
| A | 255.0.0.0 | 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 |
| B | 255.255.0.0 | 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 |
| C | 255.255.255.0 | 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 |
| D,E,F | 240.0.0.0 | 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 |
----------------------------------------------------------
Subnet addressing is used by system administrators in order to
further subdivide an Internet address within an organization.
This will increase the number of subnets with the cost of reducing
number of hosts.
Classless Interdomain Routing:
CIDR provides the mechanisms for breaking networks into "subnets", and
combining networks into "supernets". It uses < prefix, length >
notation. E.g. 172.16.2.0/23
Broadcast address refers to all hosts on the network.
Traditionally all Host ID with all 1s is used as
broadcast address. All 0s refers to "this".
Host ID and subnet masks of all 0s and all 1s are used for broadcasts. So you will lost 2 host addresses. Class B uses the 3_d byte for for subnet mask. Two subnets are lost and each has 255. Therefore 510 host addresses are lost.
-----------------------------------------------------------
| RESERVED PRIVATE NETWORK ALLOCATIONS |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| Network | Netmask | Network Addresses |
| Class | | |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| A | 255.0.0.0 | 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 |
| B | 255.255.0.0 | 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 |
| C | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 |
-----------------------------------------------------------
To configure a dns client, you only have to update two files:
/etc/resolv.conf & /etc/nsswitch.conf
domain origin.com nameserver 10.10.10.5 hosts: files dns
To install and configure a dns server, see this readme for details.
/opt h1.origin.com(ro) h2.origin.com(ro)
# file containing names of hosts for which we receive email Fw/etc/mail/sendmail.cw # my official domain name # ... define this only if sendmail cannot automatically determine your domain Dj$w.origin.com
pop3 110/tcp # Post Office in services file pop3 stream tcp nowait root /sbin/qpopper qpopper -s # inetd.conf
| Developer | October 1999 | Percent | November 1999 | Percent | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache | 4355658 | 53.67 | 4847992 | 54.81 | 1.14 |
| Microsoft | 2023591 | 24.93 | 2145461 | 24.26 | -0.67 |
| Netscape | 627571 | 7.73 | 653800 | 7.39 | -0.34 |
If you are running Gnome, click on the foot print of Gnome panel. Select AnotherLevel -> Adminstration -> Printer Tool. Click 'ignore' about when an error message appears. Select 'Add' -> Local Printer -> OK -> OK -> Select Input Filter -> OK -> OK.
For printing different file formats (such as postscript) under Unix, you need to install apsfilter. Apsfilter contains a SETUP shell script for install and configuring printcap file based upon a wide selection of different printers. CUPS is a web tool for configuring printers including unsupported printers. Software may be found here
For HP printers, check this web site. Apsfilter does not come with a GUI tool for installation and configuration. Apsfilter will create a printcap file which is a cryptic text configuration for printer.
General Setup -> Parallel port support
SCSI support -> SCSI low-level -> IOMEGA parallel port (ppa - older drives)
IOMEGA parallel port (imm - newer drives)
ppa/imm option - Use slow (but safe) EPP-16
ppa/imm option - Assume slow parport control register
r host -l remuser rdistd -S
rdist -P /usr/local/bin/ssh -f myDistfile
A sample rdistFile:
HOSTS = ( herHost root@hisHost ) FILES = ( /usr/games /usr/lib ) EXLIB = ( Mail.rc aliases aliases.dir aliases.pag crontab sendmail.cf ) (${FILES}) -> (${HOSTS}) install -oremove,chknfs ; except /usr/lib/${EXLIB} ; ${FILES} :: /usr/local/lib/timestamp notify me@workOnly;